Have you ever seen the boards arranged in order in the countryside? They are solar panels. It is an emerging renewable energy technology to convert solar energy into electric energy by using silicon materials, also known as "photovoltaic cells" or "solar chips".

Under the background of vigorously developing and utilizing renewable resources and other new resources in the new era, solar power generation is a more commonly used green energy in China. Solar power generation is also divided into photovoltaic power generation and photothermal power generation. The most common is photovoltaic power generation.

Photovoltaic power generation has the characteristics of "easy installation, easy maintenance, low energy consumption and expandability". Photothermal power generation uses traditional steam power generation equipment to generate power by heating the medium of the concentrating heat collection system. Its structure and working principle are relatively complex. Compared with photovoltaic power generation, photovoltaic power generation is easier to be widely developed.

The operation of photovoltaic power generation cannot be separated from solar panels. The basic structure of solar panels is mainly composed of electronic components. The solar power supply system is formed by adding controllers, batteries and inverters to its basic structure.

Common solar panels basically use silicon for energy conversion, which can be divided into monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon in terms of production methods. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar panel is higher than that of polycrystalline silicon solar panel, and the production cost is also large; The conversion efficiency of polycrystalline silicon solar panels is lower than that of monocrystalline silicon solar panels, but the total production cost is also lower.

In addition, there is another kind of solar panel called amorphous silicon solar panel. Its production method is completely different from that of monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon solar panels. The production process has been simplified a lot. It can also generate electricity under insufficient lighting conditions, but its conversion efficiency is very low, so it is rarely used.

Specifically, the working principle of the solar panel is to inject phosphorus into the top layer of silicon through the semiconductor interface composed of two pieces of silicon to provide it with additional electrons with negative charges. At the same time, boron is added to the bottom layer to obtain a certain positive charge. Thus, an electric field is added at the node between the silicon layers. When a photon in the sun hits an electron, the electric field will push the electron out of the junction of the two pieces of silicon, A technology in which electrons are collected by metal conductive plates on the side and light energy is directly converted into electrical energy.